Rancangan Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Distribusi Produk pada Perusahaan Skala Kecil dan Menengah

Lisnawanty ., Norma Yunita - AMIK BSI Pontianak

Abstract


ABSTRACT Some small and medium scale companies engaged in the distribution of products still have a simple product distribution system. Some of these distribution companies tend to use push distribution systems and simple distribution scheduling approaches. In a push distribution system, the decision to resupply is in the hands of retailers so that distribution companies must be really proactive in their product offerings to retailers. In a simple distribution scheduling approach, distribution firms tend to group retailers into clusters based on geographic proximity with the assumption that every retailer in one cluster has the same resupply cycle time. As a result, distribution companies tend to be unable to keep service levels high enough to serve a number of retailers who are estimated to have stocked out. The problem is better known as Inventory Routing Problem (IRP). This research develops a simulator-based Decision Support System (DSS) that is needed to support the solution of IRP problems that will provide suboptimal feasible solutions that can be used as the basis for decision-making on when distribution is done? how much should be distributed? and which route? The purpose of such decision-making is to minimize average distribution costs over the planning time horizon without causing inventory to stock out retailers or keeping service levels high.

Keywords : Decision Support System, Inventory Routing Problem (IRP), resupply, cluster, demand, suboptimal feasible solutions

 

ABSTRAK Beberapa perusahaan skala kecil dan menengah yang bergerak dibidang pendistribusian produk masih memiliki sistem pendistribusian produk yang sederhana. Beberapa perusahaan distribusi tersebut cenderung menggunakan push distribution system dan pendekatan penjadwalan distribusi yang sederhana. Dalam push distribution system, keputusan untuk melakukan resupply (pemesanan ulang) berada di tangan retailer sehingga perusahaan distribusi harus benar-benar proaktif dalam melakukan penawaran produk mereka kepada retailer. Sedangkan dalam pendekatan penjadwalan distribusi yang sederhana, perusahaan distribusi cenderung mengelompokkan retailer ke dalam sejumlah cluster (kelompok) berdasarkan kedekatan geografis dengan asumsi bahwa setiap retailer dalam satu cluster memiliki waktu siklus resupply yang sama. Akibatnya, perusahaan distribusi cenderung tidak dapat menjaga service level tetap tinggi untuk dapat melayani sejumlah retailer yang diperkirakan telah stock out. Permasalahan tersebut lebih dikenal dengan istilah Inventory Routing Problem (IRP). Penelitian ini mengembangkan suatu Sistem Pendukung Keputusan (Decision Support Systems/DSS) berbasis simulasi yang dibutuhkan untuk mendukung pemecahan permasalahan IRP yang akan memberikan solusi feasible suboptimal yang dapat dijadikan dasar pembuatan keputusan  mengenai kapan distribusi dilakukan? berapa banyak harus didistribusikan? dan melalui rute yang mana? Tujuan dari pengambilan keputusan tersebut adalah untuk meminimasi biaya distribusi rata-rata selama horizon waktu perencanaan tanpa menyebabkan persediaan pada retailer stock out atau menjaga service level tetap tinggi.

Kata Kunci : Sistem Pendukung Keputusan, Inventory Routing Problem (IRP), resupply, cluster, demand, solusi feasible suboptimal


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References


Turban, Efraim, Jay E. Aronson, and Ting-Peng Liang. 2005. Decision Support Systems and Intelligent Systems. Yogyakarta : ANDI

Law, A. and Kelton, W.D. 1991. Simulation Modeling and Analysis. McGraw-Hill, Inc.


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